Definition and Examples of Word Triplets in English

In  English grammar  and  morphology, triplets  or word triplets are three distinct words derived from the same source but at different times and by different paths, such as place, plaza, and piazza (all from the Latin platea, a broad street). In most cases, such words have the same ultimate origin in Latin. Captain, Chief,andChef The triplets wont necessarily be obvious just by looking at the words but will take a little investigation for their relationship to come clear. English words encode interesting and useful historical information. For example, compare the words captainchiefchef All three derive historically from cap, a Latin word element meaning head, which is also found in the words capital, decapitate, capitulate, and others. It is easy to see the connection in meaning between them if you think of them as the head of a vessel or military unit, the leader or head of a group, and the head of a kitchen respectively. Furthermore, English borrowed all three words from French, which in turn borrowed or inherited them from Latin. Why then is the word element spelled and pronounced differently in the three words?The first word, captain, has a simple story: the word was borrowed from Latin with minimal change. French adapted it from Latin in the 13th century, and English borrowed it from French in the 14th. The sounds /k/ and /p/ have not changed in English since that time, and so the Latin element cap-  /kap/ remains substantially intact in that word.French did not borrow the next two words from Latin...French developed from Latin, with the grammar and vocabula ry being passed down from speaker to speaker with small, cumulative changes. Words passed down in this way are said to be inherited, not borrowed. English borrowed the word chief from French in the 13th century, even earlier than it borrowed captain. But because chief was an inherited word in French, it had undergone many centuries of sound changes by that time...It was this form that English borrowed from French.After English borrowed the word chief, further changes took place in French...Subsequently English also borrowed the word in this form [chef]. Thanks to the linguistic evolution of French and the English propensity to borrow words from that language, a single Latin word element, cap-, which was always pronounced /kap/ in Roman times, now appears in English in three very different guises. (Keith M. Denning, Brett Kessler, and William R. Leben, English Vocabulary Elements, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2007) Hostel, Hospital, and Hotel Another example [of triplets] is hostel (from Old French), hospital (from Latin), and hotel (from modern French), all derived from the Latin hospitale. (Katherine Barber, Six Words You Never Knew Had Something to Do With Pigs. Penguin, 2007) Similar but From Different Sources The resulting English triplets might not even look similar, depending on the route they took to get to English. The simultaneous borrowing of French and Latin words led to a highly distinctive feature of modern English vocabulary: sets of three items (triplets), all expressing the same fundamental notion but differing slightly in meaning or style, e.g., kingly, royal, regal; rise, mount, ascend; ask, question, interrogate; fast, firm, secure; holy, sacred, consecrated. The Old English word (the first in each triplet) is the most colloquial, the French (the second) is more literary, and the Latin word (the last) more learned. (Howard Jackson and Etienne Zà © Amvela, Words, Meaning and Vocabulary: An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology. Continuum, 2000)Still more remarkable is the fact that there are in our language words that have made three appearances—one through Latin, one through Norman-French, and one through ordinary French. These seem to live quietly side by side in the language, and no one asks by what claim they are here. They are useful; that is enough. These triplets ar e—regal, royal, and real; legal, loyal, and leal; fidelity, faithfulness, and fealty. The adjective real we no longer possess in the sense of royal, but Chaucer uses it...Leal is most used in Scotland, where it has a settled abode in the well-known phrase the land o the leal. (J.M.D. Meiklejohn, The English Language, Its Grammar, History, and Literature.  12th ed. W.J. Gage, 1895)

Analysis Of Platos Allegory Of The Cave - 864 Words

On the surface of Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† it is just a simple piece, but the main purpose of the piece is to explain people living in a world of face value and having individuals break free from the main idea to create a new sense of what the world is truly about. In here, Plato uses the writing style of allegory to encompass the use of imagery and symbolism to explain his purpose. He also uses very clever dialogue with constant repetition to represent a bigger idea about the philosophy with chained up people living in a cave of shadows. Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† is just one small part of his work The Republic. In this piece, in particular his use of allegory and dialogue become the two main rhetorical devices he uses to†¦show more content†¦The one prisoner finally escaping the cave to the outside light shows symbolism as a higher level of philosophy. Returning to the cave was the choice of the prisoner, he felt compelled to spread his new knowledge. Plato’s uses him to represent breaking free from the normal mindset shared. Plato’s argument stands since the cave represents lack of expanding on common knowledge. Even after the prisoner returns to express his findings to others, individuals with philosophies different than the norm is dismissed because of their level above previous things thought of as true. Imagery used by Plato as part of his writing style of allegory examines the shadows of the cave as ideas offered at surface level. Plato is showing people are there to believe what is given to them because they do not know anything else to be true. The shadows are explained, as â€Å"truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images† (Plato 450). Shadows are a brilliant use of imagery because they resemble something dark, indescribable, and hard to recognize. This helps support Plato’s argument because the truth can only be seen at the basic level without any complex details; it is just known to be true. His philosophy is that people can only see beyond the surface if they have to capability to do so and believe, what others think is crazy. Dialogue is style of writingShow MoreRelatedPlatos Allegory of the Cave - Analysis and Summary973 Words   |  4 PagesPlatos Allegory of the Cave - Analysis and Summary The Allegory of the Cave by Plato represents an extended metaphor that is to contrast the way in which we perceive and believe in what is reality. The thesis behind his allegory is the basic opinion that all we perceive are imperfect reflections of the ultimate Forms, which subsequently represent truth and reality. In his story, Plato establishes a cave in which prisoners are chained down and forced to look upon the front wall of the caveRead MorePlatos Allegory of the Cave - Analysis and Summary987 Words   |  4 PagesPlatos Allegory of the Cave - Analysis and Summary The Allegory of the Cave by Plato represents an extended metaphor that is to contrast the way in which we perceive and believe in what is reality. The thesis behind his allegory is the basic opinion that all we perceive are imperfect reflections of the ultimate Forms, which subsequently represent truth and reality. In his story, Plato establishes a cave in which prisoners are chained down and forced to look upon the front wall of the caveRead MoreAnalysis Of Platos Allegory Of The Cave1532 Words   |  7 PagesIn the allegory written by Plato titled â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, Plato discusses the concept of seeking knowledge and gaining wisdom. He uses a story of prisoners trapped into a cave to represent the confines of reality that humans are put into, and a lone prisoner exiting the cave to represent a philosopher seeking a greater understanding. Plato’s writing tells of the flaw that all humans share, which is the fact that we believe our perceptions to be the abs olute, incontestable truth. It is thisRead MoreAnalysis of Platos Allegory of the Cave948 Words   |  4 PagesPlatos Allegory of the Cave Platos Allegory of the Cave is also termed as the Analogy of the Cave, Platos Cave, or the Parable of the Cave. It was used by the Greek philosopher Plato in his work The Republic to illustrate our nature in its education and want of education. It comprises of a fictional dialogue between Platos teacher Socrates and Platos brother Glaucon. Socrates gives a description of a group of people who spent their lifetime facing a blank wall chained to the wall of a caveRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Platos the Allegory of the Cave2111 Words   |  9 PagesEden Scharer Darrin Broadway English III-4 5th December, 2010 From Darkness to Sunlight: An Analysis of the Allegory of the Cave Imagine yourself sitting inside a dark, damp, cave where the only thing you can see are moving shadows on the cave wall in front of you. You can’t move anywhere or see anything besides the shadows, and these are the only things you’ve seen for your entire life, so these moving dark images are the most real things you’ve ever known. At some point in our childhood weRead More Analysis of Platos Allegory of the Cave Essay example995 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Platos Allegory of the Cave Platos Allegory of the Cave presents a vision of humans as slaves chained in front of a fire observing the shadows of things on the cave wall in front of them. The shadows are the only reality the slaves know. Plato argues that there is a basic flaw in how we humans mistake our limited perceptions as reality, truth and goodness. The allegory reveals how that flaw affects our education, our spirituality and our politics. The flaw that PlatoRead MorePlatos The Republic: Analysis of the Chapter Entitled Allegory of the Cave588 Words   |  3 PagesThe Republic comes a chapter entitled â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†.(â€Å"Plato†) Plato’s Allegory of the Cave describes ignorance and the process of enlightenment. The cave symbolizes a prison for the mind. Cave dwellers only know of the one reality presented in the cave, yet it is not reality at all. The cave dwellers are ignorant, knowing only one way and not trying to broaden their minds. Plato uses chains and shackles to represent the mental bondage of the cave dwellers. In spite of the bondage, fewRead MoreAn Analysis of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave and the Importance of Light in Discovering Truth1139 Words   |  5 Pagestranscends the exclusivity of the contemplative and the active lives. He defines the ultimate truth as â€Å"aletheia†, which literally translates to mean â€Å"unhidden† or â€Å"that which does not remain unnoticed†. Through his use of the term and his allegory of the cave, Plato makes the strong implication that philosophers must actively seek to discover the absolute truth, rather than relying on t raditional methods of contemplation and the persuasive tone of rhetoric to prove its existence. To better explainRead More Dantes Inferno Essay888 Words   |  4 Pages Dantes use of allegory in the Inferno greatly varies from Platos quot;Allegory of the Cavequot; in purpose, symbolism, characters and mentors, and in attitude toward the world. An analysis of each of these elements in both allegories will provide an interesting comparison. Dante uses allegory to relate the sinners punishment to his sin, while Plato uses allegory to discuss ignorance and knowledge. Dantes Inferno describes the descent through Hell from the upper level of the opportunists toRead MoreSynthesis of Truman Show and Platos Allegory of the Cave1440 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Analysis of The Truman Show and Platos Allegory of the Cave When The Truman Show was released in 1998, it was just another popular Hollywood flick, but its story is closely related to Platos Allegory of the Cave. The plot line for the movie follows this classic tale in many ways, some more obvious then others. As with most cinematic treachery, the movies similarities are no coincidence. The writers drew from Platos classic because it is such a universal story and is something

Essay about Modern Technology Are We Too Dependent

Modern Technology Are We Too Dependent? Internet and television, the twenty-first century has become consumed by these two relatively new forms of media. Devoting more time to one or both of these two creations than ever before, the American public is rapidly coming in from the outdoors and finding the technological marvels of the twenty-first century. Now more than ever television and internet are a major part of people’s lives. The American Society is straying away from their roots as a nature loving community and becoming a community dependent on technology. If comparing stories told by my father about his childhood to those of mine, just one generation apart, drastic differences would be seen. Stories told by my father were†¦show more content†¦Not only is this survey saying that children watch tremendous amounts a television per week, but it is also saying that as generations pass children are becoming more and more dependent on television for entertainment. After I conducted the first survey I became very interested that there might be more differences in the consumption of technology between the generations. So in a subsequent survey conducted using the same persons I obtained some very interesting data. For my first question I asked â€Å"What is the average number of hours spent per week watching T.V.?† I was surprised by the results: In the 40+ age group: 50% watched an average of 7-8 hours per week 50% watched an average of 9-10 hours per week In the 15-25 age group: 14% watched an average of 1-2 hours per week 14% watched an average of 5-6 hours per week 43% watched an average of 7-8 hours per week 29% watched an average of 10+ hours per week I noticed that the highest averages for both groups were at the 7-8 hour increment. It seems from this data that both age groups had settled on about the same amount of television watching per week. My next question moved into the area of the internet and computers. I asked, â€Å"What is the averageShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Technology874 Words   |  4 PagesModern humanity can hardly imagine life without technology. Technologies have become an integral part of people’s lives. Every day, people invent new devices or improve the existing ones. Humanity differs by their attitudes to new inventions. Some people believe that sophisticated gadgets are actually useful and necessary, while others concentrate on the negative impact on people and their lives. Similar technologies are specially created for performing the hardest and most monotonous work. EvenRead MoreSociety s Dependence On Technology1244 Words   |  5 Pages11- Period 1 2 October 2015 Society’s Dependency On Technology Today, technology is a ruling factor among our society. Technology is involved in every aspect of our lives. Our dependence on technology has been taken to a whole other level, we are now incredibly dependent on technology. We may be too dependent on technology, but our dependence does not necessarily impact us in negative ways. II. Some say the increasing need for technology, specifically social media, causes social isolationRead MoreEssay on People Have Become Overly Dependent on Technology880 Words   |  4 PagesBilguun Tugs-Amgalan Everett LeGrande English 1 5/April/2011 People have become overly dependent on technology Humans have been called the animals which make things, and at no time in history has this been so obvious as the present. Today, every human activity is dependent upon various tools, machines, and systems, from growing food to providing shelter to communication, healthcare, and entertainment. Some machines, like the tractor, speed up and make more efficient activities that humans haveRead MoreWhat We Should Consider: Should Technology Be Used in the Classrooms?771 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to the Digital Age, where we choose not to benefit from the endless access to information within the reach of our fingertips provided by the technology we ourselves have worked hard to institute, and instead choose to obliterate our brains by redefining procrastination, losing our ability to think, and watching cat videos on YoutTube. It is foreseeable that the magnificent monster, technology, will consume society, (if it hasn’t done so already) which may have intense negative impacts o nRead MoreModern Technology965 Words   |  4 Pageslife or death. So it is with modern technology. The purpose of technology should be reserved for the advancement of civilization. Technology should help us accomplish life s tasks faster; with less error and greater accuracy. In most cases it serves its purpose. For instance, when researching a cure for a disease like cancer the internet is a great tool. However, this same tool makes pornographic material more available than ever. At the end of the day, the technology will help you do what you wantRead MoreComputer Dependency and Addiction Essays646 Words   |  3 Pages and are very useful in everyday life, but they create distractions, which just makes us stay closer to computer rather than from the computer. In our modern day world, computers have absolute importance all around us, at work, at schools, at malls etc. It is impossible to run away from the devices and we’ve become so attached on it that we can’t do things on our own now. For example, say you were doing some homework and you couldn’t figure out the answer, instead of trying to understand theRead MoreMobile Phone and People1469 Words   |  6 PagesTERM PAPER The production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal. People have become overly dependent on technology. University students should pass the English proficiency test before graduation Argumentative Essay : People have become overly dependent on technology. Topic: People have become overly dependent on technology 1. Introduction (paragraph 1) A.Hook: Computer, hand phones, Internet, and latest gadgets such as GPStacking devices are not anymore unusual thing in our  dailyRead MoreAre we too Dependent on Computers?1091 Words   |  4 PagesToday we live in a modern age where technological development is one of the greatest gifts to humanity. Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a pre-existing solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function (Wikipedia). It also refer to the collection of such tools, including machinery, modifications, arrangementsRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology1333 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology has changed our way of life in a wide variety of ways. Everywhere we go, there is a touch of technology: starting from brushing of teeth in the morning to going to sleep at night. Technology has played a ve ry significant role in modernizing and comforting our life by influencing our methods of thinking and communicating, our purpose of living, and by allowing us to go about the different processes of our day-to-day life in a more efficient manner. As the advancement of technology continuesRead MorePeoples Overdependence on Technology1467 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The relevance of technology in the modern world cannot be overstated. However, there have been concerns that the world is becoming over-dependent on technology as it seeks to embrace technological advancement and innovation going forward. Indeed, the question many keep asking is; is our reliance on technology going too far? This text concerns itself with peoples over-dependence upon technology. Peoples Over-dependence upon Technology It is important to note from the onset that

Comparison of London by William Blake and Lines Composed...

Comparison of London by William Blake and Lines Composed upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth Earth has nothing to show more fair, taken from William Wordsworths Lines composed upon Westminster Bridge, could not be more of a contrast to the way William Blake describes what he sees in his poem London. William Wordsworth and William Blake both wrote their poems within a very similar time, yet they are completely different in all aspects. Lines composed upon Westminster bridge by William Blake describes London as the most beautiful place in the world yet London by William Blake could not be more different. Blake wrote London in 1794. Immediately by the title you think bright†¦show more content†¦They worked long hard hours and had no education; it could be described as a malnourished job. This adds a lot of negativity to the poem in an effective way. Blake also chooses to write about the hapless soldiers sigh, which can be seen to represent young men fighting, and dying pointlessly, wasting their lives. He starts this line with the word And expressing that there are more negative things to come, there are many of them. Blake chooses to write about young people and what he sees, as they are the next generation, but they all live very poor lives which shows there is not much hope for the future. Blake describes the church as the blackening church appals. Normally a church would be described in a good way yet Blake sees it negatively describing the church as blackening which is usually associated with mourning, death and funerals. Blake sees the church in a bad way, a huge institution that you had to go to, yet they did nothing to help these poor people that he has been describing. At the end of the first verse you may think that this may be the end of all the negativity but there is more to come. Blake brings another character in to his poem, the youthful harlots curse. Here Blake chooses to write about aShow MoreRelatedComparison Between â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth850 Words   |  4 PagesComparison between â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth The city of London has inspired many poets throughout the ages. Two of the most distinctive portrayals are William Blake’s â€Å"London† published in Songs of Experience in 1974 and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802† by William Wordsworth. While both Blake and Wordsworth comment on the conflict between appearance and reality, Blake shows the gloomy ugliness by taking down London’sRead MoreLondon by William Blake and Upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth1327 Words   |  6 PagesLondon by William Blake and Upon Westminster Bridge by William Wordsworth This essay aims to compare and contrast the differences and similarities between the two poems London and Upon Westminster Bridge. They both create powerful, contrasting images but are both similar in the use of language and exaggeration. The first poem to be commented upon is London by William Blake, written a couple of decades before the second poem written by William Wordsworth. WilliamRead MoreA Comparison of Poems About London Essay488 Words   |  2 PagesA Comparison of Poems About London London, by William Blake, and William Wordsworths untitled poem, composed on Westminster Bridge, are two different poems written with different styles and techniques to portray their feelings towards London. They are both written in the romantic era and are very passionate in the way they convey their (as both are written in first person) differing opinions on London. Wordsworths sonnet shows all the positive points and that in

Revenge in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights Free Essays

Wuthering Heights – Revenge Emily Bronte, who never had the benefit of former schooling, wrote Wuthering Heights. Bronte has been declared as a â€Å"romantic rebel† because she ignored the repressive conventions of her day and made passion part of the novelistic tradition. Unlike stereotypical novels, Wuthering Heights has no true heroes or villains. We will write a custom essay sample on Revenge in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights or any similar topic only for you Order Now The narration of the story is very unique and divergent because there are multiple narrators. Bronte’s character Lockwood is used to narrate the introductory and concluding sections of the novel whereas Nelly Dean narrates most of the storyline. It’s interesting that Nelly Dean is used because of her biased opinions. There are many major themes of the book, but revenge is the most imminent theme, the factor that leads the protagonists to their dismal fate. Bronte proves there is no peace in eternal vengeance, and in the end self-injury involved in serving revenge’s purposes will be more damaging than the original wrong. Heathcliff never finds peace through his revenge. In fact, the only time he truly finds happiness is when he gives up his plan for retaliation. Austin O’Malley states   â€Å"Revenge is like biting a dog that bit you†Ã‚   (O’malley 1). O’Malley’s quote reflects Heathcliff’s immature need to propagate agony in those who have offended him. Heathcliff’s plan for revenge on Edgar and Catherine is to marry Isabella, who is ignorant of love and of men because she has never experienced either. He wants to hurt Edgar because of his marriage to Catherine, and he wants to get revenge on Catherine by making her jealous. Catherine’s death proves that this flawed plan of repayment helps nothing. Heathcliff, haunted by the ghost of Catherine because he is her â€Å"murderer,† still is motivated by the need for revenge and tries to get young Cathy away from Edgar by having her marry his son, Linton. Heathcliff never finds peace until he gives up his plan for revenge just before he dies. When Heathcliff gives up his plan for revenge, he meets Catherine in death and truly becomes happy once more. Catherine’s revenge does not make things better for her. Her   revenge on Heathcliff by blaming him for her upcoming death does not meliorate her mind. Just before she dies, she ascribes Heathcliff for her â€Å"murder.   Ã‚   â€Å"You have killed me, and thriven on it, I think† (Bronte 158). Catherine resembles what Oliver Goldsmith said,   â€Å"When lovely woman stoops to folly, and finds too late that men betray, what charm can soothe her melancholy? What art can wash her guilt away? The only art her guilt to cover, To hide her shame from every eye, To give repentance to her lover, And wring his bosom, is–to die† (Oliver Goldsmith 1). Catherine’s death is caused by her lack of emotional control and her dual personalities. She and Heathcliff â€Å"are† each other (Bronte 80), but her wants of social status and popularity draw her toward Edgar (Bronte 78). She does not love Edgar, but her selfish material wants control her. Catherine’s revenge on Heathcliff does not assist her in finding happiness. She looks forward to dying and is   â€Å"wearying to escape into that glorious world† (Bronte 160). Her death is, however, miserable as she wanders around the earth as a waif for 20 years occasionally visiting Heathcliff and torturing him. Just as Heathcliff and Catherine’s revenge make them miserable, Hindley’s revenge on Heathcliff causes him to go bankrupt and eventually die. Hindley’s attempt to kill Heathcliff only hurts himself in the process;   it proves the point Isabella makes, â€Å"Treachery and violence are spears pointed at both ends; they wound those who resort to them worse than their enemies† (Bronte 177). The fact that Hindley is mistreated as a child reflects the built up anger and resentment inside him and towards others. The hurt that Hindley feels is clearly understood, but sympathy for Hindley is only temporary because it is still his own fault for his predicaments. Hindley’s loss of Wuthering Heights to Heathcliff and his mysterious death reflect how revenge does not make anything better, only worse. Bronte corroborates that revenge is not only a harsh and rash way to live life, but is counter-productive and hurtful. Out of all of her major themes, revenge is the most imminent. The self-hurt involved with vengeance shows there are better ways to solve conflicts. Bronte sends a great message across by showing how negative revenge can be. There is no solution to obeying the spontaneous reaction of this negative reprisal. How to cite Revenge in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, Papers

The Manual Method compered to ICT Free Essays

I did not have to use any form of computer of ICT equipment to do this task, as it could have been done by hand. To do this I would take a piece of paper and pencil and draw the company logo and either by freehand, or with the use of stencils could have written out all of the information required and then included the vacancy details. To keep a track of the staff wages and production situation I could have used a card for each position. We will write a custom essay sample on The Manual Method compered to ICT or any similar topic only for you Order Now This would keep all of the job details including: shift times and rates of pay etc. I could use an adding machine to calculate pay, tax and national insurance etc. This manual system would be very time consuming considering the staff wages needs to be recalculated on a regular basis. THE BENEFITS OF ICT The use of ICT is of great benefit for this type of system as once the details are created for the first time they can be used over and over again. This can be done by saving the original spreadsheet and pay slip template then recalling it each time it has to be used. The spread sheet and pay slip can be updated easily by adding, removing or changing information. No need to start all over again each time a week, no need for a rubber or correction fluid if you make a mistake or want to delete information. I have the use of tools such as spelling or grammar checking, I can easily experiment with different size and shape of typeface, I can use colour, clipart, boarders, word-art, tables and frames to make the pay slip easier to read. By using a spreadsheet, similar features as above can be used for adding, changing and deleting information. The uses of formulas help with calculations these are redone automatically each time workers details might change. For example the user would not have to recalculate the total pay or the number of hours worked or garments produced, if job roles changed or wages went up or down, income tax and national insurance can change at least on a yearly basis. Spreadsheets are used as modelling tools to make predictions. For example, as manager could see the over all cost of the company staffing if there was to be a 3% pay rise or pay cut for all of the staff, or if they were to increase or decrease the piece rate for the number garments produced. If a manager had to make a report about these predictions he or she could use the chart functions within the spreadsheet to create a graphical of these situations. ICT has made great steps in the communication of information, files can be sent and received by e-mail instantaneously. Data can be passed around a network for other users to access or the system could be placed on a disk or CD-ROM, which could be used to keep it safe or to pass it to other places or sites. How to cite The Manual Method compered to ICT, Papers

T.S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land” Essay Sample free essay sample

Eliot imparts to us the Grail quest’s influence on â€Å"The Waste Land† in the notes: â€Å"Not merely the rubric. but the program and a good trade of the incidental symbolism of the verse form were suggested by Miss Jessie L. Weston’s book on the Grail fable: From Ritual to Romance ( Macmillan ) . Indeed. so profoundly am I indebted. Miss Weston’s book will clarify the troubles of the verse form much better than my notes can make ; and I recommend it ( apart from the great involvement of the book itself ) to any who think such elucidation of the verse form worth the problem. † Indeed. much of the verse form reflects the narrative of the Grail quest itself ; when confronted with a comfortable land turned into waste as a consequence of the wounding or sick wellness of the Fisher King who presides over the land. a hero begins a pursuit which finally must reconstruct the male monarch to wellness in order to â€Å"free the waters† ( R2R ) and reconstruct the land itself. As the hero must mend this desolate barren which was one time a happy and lively topographic point. so excessively are traces of happier times distressingly remembered among devastation and desperation throughout â€Å"The Waste Land. † seen even in the gap of the verse form: â€Å"April is the barbarous month. genteelnessLilacs out of the dead land. blendingMemory with desire. stirringDull roots with spring rain. † Eliot instantly declares April–a month by and large associated with sorely missed heat. regeneration. life. and beauty–the barbarous month. stirring life in an otherwise dead land and thereby raising painful memories of a happier and more comfortable clip which one can non assist but lose and want deeply when confronted with a hint of it. Eliot goes on to claim that â€Å"Winter kept us warm. covering/Earth in unretentive snow. † proposing that at least when the land was absolutely dead it left its dwellers numb to the hurting of what they’d lost. Still other happy memories haunt the land that has now turned into waste ; Eliot writes of a surprising summer lavishing the dwellers of the land in rain–an image itself which implies life. prosperity. and regeneration–causing people to halt in the colonnade. imbibe java. and speak for an hr. Still Eliot has the talker recount pleasant childhood memories of â€Å"staying at the archduke’s† and traveling sleighing. declaring. â€Å"In the mountains. there you feel free. † These warm and affectionate contemplations on unworried young person base in contrast to the speaker’s current. deadened life. which involves reading â€Å"much of the night† and traveling â€Å"south in the winter. † and mirror the land in the Grail legend’s happy. comfortable society turning into a barren. particularly when sing the versions of the narrative which involve the Fisher King enduring from extreme. blowing old age which must be restored to y outh if the land is to be healed. Other traces of a healthy. happy past appear still in â€Å"The Waste Land. † doing its current province of decease and devastation even darker in comparing. In The Fire Sermon. after detecting that â€Å"the river’s collapsible shelter is broken† and â€Å"the nymphs are departed. † the talker requests that the river Thames â€Å"run softly† until his vocal is ended. He comments that â€Å"The River bears no empty bottles. sandwich documents.Silk hankies. composition board boxes. coffin nail terminalsOr other testimony of summer darks. † While the talker expects to see marks of life and hints of happy. carefree. enjoyable summer darks shared by people at the riverbank. the talker sees nil at all apart from the river itself and is cognizant of merely the air current traversing â€Å"the brown land. unheard. † What he finds alternatively is an empty. dead scene. made eerier by the lively things that used to take topographic point at that place. and made eerier and more desolate still by being marked with â€Å"the rattling of bones† and a rat dragging â€Å"its slimy belly on the bank. † It is clear that this topographic point has non ever been this manner ; instead. it was one time a happy scene that has since sickened and turned to waste. Not merely have lively topographic points been turned into barrens. but the people and their relationships. which might one time hold been pleasant and promising. have turned barren every bit good. Such relationships between work forces and adult females in â€Å"The Waste Land. † particularly 1s that involve sexual disfunction. mirror the Grail fable in which the Fisher King’s lesion consequences in sexual powerlessness and the ultimate cachexia of the land. In a subdivision of The Burial of the Dead. the talker remembers a adult female he calls â€Å"the hyacinth girl† walking with him from the Hyacinth garden. her hair moisture and her weaponries full of flowers. These images doubtless harken back to a clip when flowers. H2O. and life were a portion of a happy and lively society ; [ so. even the talker remembers himself as dumbfounded and unable to talk at the clip. feeling as though by looking at this miss he was â€Å"looking into the bosom of visible radia tion. † ] Such memories. declarative mood of both actual life and the animation of people and their connexions to one another. have now given manner to a desert waste. a land missing in H2O ( What the Thunder Said ) and thereby missing in life and the felicity associated with life and prosperity. and a land missing in meaningful and promising connexions between people. Whereas the hyacinth miss was enchanting. go forthing the talker in The Burial of the Dead dumb in a manner that floored him and made him experience as though he were â€Å"looking into the bosom of visible radiation. † the talker in A Game of Chess finds himself interchanging few words with his female opposite number non because he is amazed by her but because he is weary of her and her ailments. The adult female tries urgently to discourse with him and inspire concern in him. claiming that her â€Å"nerves are bad to-night† and bespeaking that he remain with her. When she additions no response. she grapples betwe en biding him and demanding that he answer to her: â€Å"Speak to me. Why do you neer speak. Speak.â€Å"What are you believing of? What believing? What?â€Å"I neer know what you are believing. Think. † Still she continues. inquiring him to explicate noises she is hearing to which he frustratedly answers that the noises are â€Å"The air current under the door† and so â€Å"Nothing once more nil. † When she asks him urgently what she shall make. what they shall make tomorrow. and. eventually. what they shall of all time make. he replies at last with a humdrum list of activities. Their being and relationship can be considered a barren itself of kinds as they are steeped in humdrum and sadness. a clearly hard-pressed married woman seeking urgently to pass on and portion her life with with a hubby whom has no forbearance or desire to pass on with her. Another waste and peculiarly sexually dysfunctional relationship is described in A Game of Chess between a adult female named Lil and her hubby Albert. Amid calls of a barman. a friend of Lil chides her for non holding used the money Albert gave her â€Å"to acquire yourself some dentitions. † She insists that he won’t â€Å"bear to look at her. † that â€Å"he wants a good clip. /And if you don’t give it him. there’s others will. † She goes on to name Lil â€Å"antique† and insists that if Albert does travel off with other adult females. â€Å"it won’t be for deficiency of stating. † Lil indignantly replies that her province has been brought on by medicine she took to â€Å"bring it off. † proposing that she induced an abortion. to which her friend answers. â€Å"What you get married for if you don’t want kids? † The barrenness of the relationship between Lil and Albert and its sexual disfunction is evident ; Lil has become so unwanted to Albert that he might be unfaithful to her upon his return from the ground forces. Furthermore. their sexual relationship and ability to partake in the regeneration of life themselves has been stunted if non wholly destroyed both by Lil about deceasing â€Å"of immature George† and by her self-medicated abortion of a subsequent gestation. They represent a barren of a relationship. waste. lifeless. unhappy. unable ( or unwilling ) to renew and make new life. and thereby reminiscent of the Fisher King whose wounding and sexual powerlessness or inability to renew has caused the land itself to neglect to give life. turning alternatively to waste. Still other illustrations of waste and sexually dysfunctional relationships harvest up in Eliot’s verse form. In The Fire Sermon. Tiresias. an â€Å"old adult male with wrinkly female chests. † connoting that he has lived life as both a adult female and a adult male. perceives a scene in which a â€Å"small house agent’s clerk† engages a adult female â€Å"in caresses/Which still are unreproved. if unsought. † The adult female is described as seting up â€Å"no defence† or â€Å"response† to his â€Å"exploring custodies. † indifferent to his progresss. When he eventually coatings and foliages. she merely briefly thinks on the affair. a â€Å"half-formed thought† which claims â€Å" ‘Well now that’s done. and I’m glad it’s over. ’ † Again. Eliot describes a waste and deadened relationship. strictly sexual in nature but non needfully reciprocally so. and therefore lifeless and non r egenerative. The woman’s indifference to the man’s brief sexual progresss is itself reminiscent of a barren ; her deficiency of response or attention to what should be a lively and regenerative act suggests a kind of cold numbness like â€Å"forgetful snow. † Apart from the analogues between the waste land of the Grail fable and the waste land of Eliot’s heroic poem verse form. the influence of From Ritual to Woo on â€Å"The Waste Land† runs deeper. Weston’s book efforts to turn out the theory that the Grail pursuit is neither strictly folkloric or Christian in nature. but instead cobbled together from a figure of different beginnings. the most compelling of which are the nature cults with their ancient flora rites. rites which portion undeniable similarities with facets of the Grail quest. Merely as the Grail fable was informed by myriad inside informations of past civilizations finally melding to make this celebrated narrative. so excessively was Eliot’s heroic poem verse form non strictly his ain. but instead informed by past and outstanding plants of literature. Fragments of these literary plants appear throughout â€Å"The Waste Land. † working both as a parallel to From Ritual to Romance and as a manner to adhere Eliot’s heroic poem verse form into the timeline of celebrated literary civilization. paying court to past plants of art while at the same time set uping himself as a member of that timeline. an thought which Eliot demonstrates his grasp for in his essay â€Å"Tradition and the Individual Talent† : â€Å"The historical sense compels a adult male to compose non simply with his ain coevals in his castanetss. but with a feeling that the whole of the literature†¦ . of his ain state has a coincident being and composes a coincident order. This historical sense. which is a sense of the timeless every bit good as of the temporal†¦ . is what makes a writer traditional. And it is at the same clip what makes a author most acutely witting of his topographic point in clip. † Present in the Grail pursuit are the influence of antediluvian texts and rites dating back to even the Rig-Veda texts in which anthem are strikingly similar to the ‘Freeing of the Waters. ’ or the Restoration of rivers and therefore the healing of the land. which takes topographic point in the Grail fable. Indeed. the wounding of the Fisher King ensuing in the cachexia of the land can be traced back to an ancient flora rite. that of the rite of Adonis which involves cosmopolitan mourning for the god’s hurt or decease which would ensue in the suspension â€Å"of the generative energy of the God upon whose virile activity vegetable life straight. and human life indirectly. depended† ( Weston Tammuz and Adonis ) and subsequently the rejoicing of his Resurrection. Such of import fragments of antediluvian. past civilizations feed into and act upon the Grail fable piece at the same clip allowing it stand entirely as a important and historical work–it is ex actly this balance of tradition and the single endowment that Eliot thought indispensable for an writer to hold and is arguably what he attempted to accomplish in composing his heroic poem verse form. make fulling it with allusions and fragmental plants while still utilizing his ain voice to state â€Å"the narrative of the folk. † In â€Å"Tradition and the Individual Talent. † Eliot makes still clearer a belief that the best parts of a work. doing it single and worthy of the literary timeline. might be that which has been profoundly influenced by other plants before it. connoting that a piece ( or an writer ) will profit and maturate most by feeding off of other groundbreaking work: â€Å"One of the facts that might come to illume in this procedure is our inclination to take a firm stand. when we praise a poet. upon those facets of his work in which he least resembles anyone else†¦ . we pretend to happen what is single. what is the curious kernel of the adult male. We dwell with satisfaction upon the poet’s difference from his predecessors. particularly his immediate predecessors†¦ . Whereas if we approach a poet without this bias we shall frequently happen that non merely the best. but the most single parts of his work may be those in which the dead poets. his ascendants. assert their immortality most smartly. † It can be said that Eliot surely made it one of his purposes to accomplish this sort of traditional individualism non merely by analyzing â€Å"The Waste Land† in its concluding signifier. but besides by analyzing parts of â€Å"The Waste Land† that were finally rejected. Eliot had originally intended to open his heroic poem poem non with the celebrated â€Å"April is the cruelest month† line. but instead with an extra subdivision entitled â€Å"He Do the Police in Different Voices. † a line taken straight from a Charles Dickens novel. This subdivision was written in an incredibly colloquial manner that stood apart from Eliot’s more precise and rational poetry. its linguistic communication less heightened and more accessible. connoting its talker as an mundane. unworldly adult male merely stating a narrative. get downing with â€Å"First we had a twosome of antennas down at Tom’s place/There was old Tom. boiled to the eyes. blind. † Th e subdivision feels as though it’s in action. invariably traveling from event to event. heightening the narrative feel with lines like â€Å"The following thing we were out in the street. Oh was it cold! † and â€Å"Then we thought we’d breeze along and take a walk. /Then we lost Steve† and finally stoping with â€Å"So I got out to see the dawn. and walked place. † This stream-of-consciousness narrative seems different from the remainder of Eliot’s work because it was non wholly single but instead straight influenced by Joyce’s Ulysses. a book which Eliot held to be a extremely important and groundbreaking work of literature. a point he emphasizes in his essay â€Å"Ulysses† : â€Å"I hold [ Ulysses ] to be the most of import look which the present age has found ; it is a book to which we are all indebted. and from which none of us can escape†¦ . it has given me all the surprise. delectation. and panic that I can necessitate. and I will go forth it at that. † Eliot even goes on to commend the book’s â€Å"parallel usage of the Odyssey† as holding â€Å"great importance† like that of a â€Å"scientific find. † once more remembering his stance on the great importance of the balance of tradition and single endowment. declaring. â€Å"In utilizing the myth. in pull stringsing a uninterrupted analogue between modernity and antiquity. Mr. Joyce is prosecuting a method which others must prosecute after him. † Eliot’s ain effort to copy Joyce’s Ulysses. so. was about more than merely the style–he was besides trying to copy Joyce’s usage of other plants to make his ain. While this subdivision finally did non look in the finished version of â€Å"The Waste Land. † that Eliot wrote it is still important. particularly when sing the rubric ; â€Å"He Do the Police in Different Voices† was something he was seeking to do–emulate the voices of others in his ain work. While some of Eliot’s efforts at court to works that came before his ain were cast aside. there were surely a immense sum of other allusions and direct quotation marks that did do it into the verse form. solidifying this balance between other voices and Eliot’s ain voice. Indeed. even the epigraph which opens â€Å"The Waste Land† is taken straight from a Latin text called Satyricon written in the Middle Ages [ source/expansion on this ] . [ material about verse form being riddled with fragments/quotes etc. ]Another fragment of past civilization. this one based on Greek mythology ( and hence reminiscent of the congratulations Eliot heaped on Joyce for utilizing the myth of the Odyssey in Ulysses ) . appears in II. A Game of Chess. After depicting at length the scene in which this subdivision takes topographic point. Eliot mentions a mantle which shows â€Å"The alteration of Philomel. by the brutal male monarchSo impolitely forced ; yet there the Luscinia megarhynchosFilled all the desert with inviolable voiceAnd still she cried. and still the word pursues.‘Jug Jug’ to soil ears. † This transition is straight based on the Grecian myth in which a adult female named Philomel is raped by the male monarch Tereus in the forests. who later cuts out her lingua so that she will be unable to state of his misbehavior. Because of the horrors she suffers. she is turned into a nightingale. everlastingly singing Tereus’s name in plaintive and accusative plaint [ citation ] . The nightingale remains symbolic to this twenty-four hours of mourning and darkness. and her continued visual aspect throughout â€Å"The Waste Land† in the signifier of a discorporate voice naming â€Å"Jug jug jug jug jug† and â€Å"Tereu† makes the presence of tradition and myth strong in Eliot’s work while adding to the hopeless waste land that the verse form portrays. In seeing how extremely Eliot regarded the emulation and blending of other culturally of import plants. it could be argued that portion of his regard for From Ritual to Romance and determination to allow it act upon his ain heroic poem verse form stemmed from its averment that the Grail fable itself. a historically and culturally of import and dateless literary work. was informed by fragments of of import civilization. Partss of it that might hold been considered single by some ( the wounding of the Fisher King ensuing in the cachexia of the land. the ways in which the land was healed. etc. ) were. in fact. straight informed by culturally important history that came before it. Its similarities to Ulysses. a book Eliot extremely revered. are important in the sense that it excessively is a dateless work non created out of nil but alternatively founded on history and past civilization. As Eliot greatly respected this construct of balance. it would do sense that among the other grounds t hat drew him to From Ritual to Romance. raising in him the desire to parallel his ain heroic poem verse form to that of the quest. the thought of the Grail fable as perpetuating this balance and solidifying its topographic point in the timeline would besides pull him and do his desire to happen that balance himself that much greater.

Soul Music Essay free essay sample

Outline and describe the development of Soul and Rap Music, including influential artists and songwriters, and the influence of this genre on the development of Afro-American Music. You are to write an essay based on your research, with particular reference to the two designated works by Marvin Gaye and Tupac. Soul music is a mixture of gospel with rhythm and blues. Although soul developed much earlier than 1950, it first gained popularity within the late 1950s and came to be called soul jazz which self-consciously used melodic figures or riffs derived from gospel music or folk blues. Soul has its roots in African-American culture and first made its appearance in the United States. Although soul music was a blend of gospel rhythms, it had appeared more secular rather than having a religious message. Soul music is highly moving, and the type of rhythms allows soul singers to display a range of emotions in their performances. We will write a custom essay sample on Soul Music Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The characteristics within this genre may include the following: * Use of Melismas * Melodic ornamentation * Rhythmic complexity * Use of horn sections * Improvised vocal styles * Harmonised backing vocals * Minimised back beat Use of hand instruments such as finger snaps and/or hand claps * Use of call and response * Instruments from the Jazz Genre * Call and response Marvin Gaye was born in Washington, D. C. on April 2nd, 1939 and died on 1st April, 1984. Marvin Gaye was named after his father, a minister of the Apostolic Church. Marvin would sing in his father’s church before he sang with Motown. The spiritual influence of his early years played a big role throughout his musical career. Marvin Gaye was raised with strict control of his father, Reverend Marvin Gaye Snr. Marvin Gaye would often find peace within music during his childhood. He mastered the piano at a young age and also the drums. Marvin Gaye had an extraordinary range that spanned three vocal styles. In 1970, he was inspired by escalating violence and political unrest over the Vietnam War, Gaye wrote the song â€Å"What’s Going On†. With the success of this single, it inspired Gaye to take even more risks, both musically and politically. Gaye struggled with substance abuse and depression. Marvin Gaye Snr shot and killed his son after a physical argument. Gaye evolved a new musical style that influenced a generation of African American performers. What’s Going On by Marvin Gaye was released on January 17, 1971 and was recorded on June 10, 1970 – September 1970. The lyrical content of this song included references to the incident bloody Thursday. The instruments that Gaye includes are: * Male Vocals with backing vocals * Drums * Piano * Saxophone – Alto Sax * Synthesiser – strings * Horn/Brass section * Hand instruments This song shows many characteristics that appear within the Soul genre. It includes the call and response of ‘What’s Going On’ and Wall of sound is included. The features that made this piece so successful was the fact that the song focused on major seventh and minor seventh chords, and was orientated in sounds by jazz, gospel and classical music. The form of this song is typical within the genre because it is in verse-chorus (strophic based) form. The outline of this song What’s Going On is: Intro – Verse I – Verse II – Chorus – Verse III. Rap music / hip-hop genre originated in the mid 1970s among African American and Hispanic performers in New York City. Rap is known for talking rapidly, rhythmically, vividly, and boastfully. In the late 1970s, young DJs discovered that they could borrow and sample excerpts of recordings, and stitch then together to make a new song. Rappers would compete come up with wittier and more rebellious lyrics. Characteristics of Rap Music include: * Rhythm is synonymous and there is always a constant beat that rap songs have. * Influence – notably racism, police brutality, drugs and gang violence * Rhythmic beat: 44 time signature. Strong on bass line * Has a steady beat * Spoken lyrical line * Melismas Tupac Shakur, an American Rapper, was born in New York on 16th June 1971 and died on 13th September 1996. Tupac was shot after attending a Mike Tyson boxing Match which he was killed by an east-coast gang in Las Vegas, Nevada. He was only 25 years old at the time of his death. Most of Tupac’s songs were about growing up among violence, racism, hardship in ghettos and other social problems and conflicts with other rappers through the East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry. Tupac was the son of a Black Panther activists, and was raised by his mum when he was growing up. Tupac had no contact with his father until he was an adult. He had several arrests for violent offenses in the 1990s. Many of Tupac’s songs are about fights, gangs, and sex. He became well known for his musical talent and violent lyrics. Tupac’s tracks identified that he would insult his enemies (East Coast). Since Tupac’s death, numerous albums has been released, selling millions of copies. Tupac’s complexity of his rhymes made him an influential artist. Changes by Tupac was released on October 13, 1998 and was recorded in 1992. This song makes references to the Black Panther society. This song refers to the opportunity of a Black President of the United States. This song shows all the characteristics of the Genre that appear within this piece.