What Role Did the “Civilizing Mission” Play in the...

What role did the â€Å"civilizing mission† play in the expansion of Britain’s empire in the 19th century? At the close of the 19th century Rudyard Kipling preserved the prevailing attitude of Britain’s intellectual elite in a poem - â€Å"The White Man’s Burden†. In his work Kipling confirms the hubris of a generation of Britons who were entirely convinced that they were culturally, rationally, and morally superior to the â€Å"new-caught†¦Half-devil and half-child† natives of the British colonies. This belief in the superiority of western values manifested in the flight of thousands of philanthropically minded Victorians across the British Empire. These emigrants consisted of a section of society driven to do their duty and fulfil the â€Å"national†¦show more content†¦Enrolment in Trinidads schools climbed from 2,836 in 1868 to 19,855 in 1890† and from 1868,  £20,300 a year was being spent on promoting Christianity in the West Indies. (Patterson Smith, 1995: 260/264) This increased effort was due to the realisation that religion could be used as a â€Å"tool of social order† and social order was essential if any profit was to be made through trade. For only if the â€Å"very large bodies of dark labourers could be induced to work willingly under a few European supervisors†Ã¢â‚¬  was trade possible. (The Economist 23 (December 1865): 1487-89, cited in Patterson Smith, 1995: 259) It is clear then that a key role of the â€Å"civilizing mission† was to aid British expansion by ensuring the co-operation of the empire’s indigenous people. However, some would argue that the main role the â€Å"civilizing mission† played in aiding expansion was to ensure politicians had the necessary domestic support for imperialism. Evidence for this comes in the form of a speech made by the colonial secretary, Joseph Chamberlain. In 1895 Chamberlain admitted that crown colonies were â€Å"no longer a source of revenue† but argued that there was a justifiable reason for occupation. His words were that: â€Å"In carrying out this work of civilization we are fulfilling what I believe to be our national mission, and we are finding scope for the exercise of these faculties and qualities which have made of us a great governing race.† (Chamberlain, 1895) It is arguable thatShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg

Organised Crime in an Increasingly Globalised World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1305 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Globalization Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Globalization, apart from the impact it has in our everyday life, has also significantly contributed to the facilitation and the expansion of crime and more particularly the activities of transnational criminal groups. Organised crime is not a new problem for the authorities internationally, but patterns in the incidence, prevalence and concentration of organized crime are interpreted in terms of social trends that generate increased opportunities. For example, technological innovations in communication and intelligence sharing amongst criminal fraternities, together with political developments, such as the abolition of border controls, have created better conditions and more opportunities for committing criminal activities, such as electronic commerce and evasion of customs and exercise duties, whilst negating, or enabling the circumvention of, capable guardians[1]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organised Crime in an Increasingly Globalised World" essay for you Create order The present essay will focus on the abovementioned phenomenon, examining whether there are indeed new opportunities for transnational criminals in the era of globalization and, if yes, what can be done for tackling with this issue. Organised crime and globalisation Organized crime has become a reality as a result of a combination of different factors and the cooperation of a wide range of actors. It also covers a wide range of groups and activities, from drug cartels in North America and criminal groups in Central Africa to piracy, cyber-crime and money-laundering in rogue jurisdictions and uncontrolled economic sectors.[2] Transnational crime depends on and is based on the operation of specific networks and proximal circumstances involved in the commissioning of particular crime. It is of key importance to develop the right environment and boarder social context, such as market for production, exchange and consumption of illicit goods and services, the supply network of mot ivated offenders, presence of suitable targets and absence of effective enforcement or prevention mechanisms.[3] It is true that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"globalization has progressed faster than our collective ability to regulate ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and this is why more unregulated areas have been created as well as more opportunities for organized crime have grown.[4] New Opportunities First of all, nowadays it is remarkable how fast and how cheaply people and goods move around the world. A new form of smuggling involves tourists. Tourists can be effective couriers, helping the promotion of new routes, opening of new markets or sustaining existing ones. The European Union (EU) is an attractive option for transnational criminal activities due to the open borders and the relaxed border controls for EU nationals. For instance, Spain is the major destination for trafficking from South America to Europe, while Caribbean islands, such as Jamaica and St Martin, are main staging posts for drugs on their way to Europe. St Martin is owned jointly by France and Holland, so there are no customs posts between the two parts of the island and no customs posts between the island and its European counterparts.[5] At the same time, remarkable is the growth of global communications and particularly mobile telecommunications. A crime that has found particularly fertile ground to blossom is child pornography. We live in the age of internet, so images can be created, processed and circulated much easier than in the age of hard copies. In this context, cyber-crime and white-collar crimes, such as money-laundering, have transformed to much more advanced and difficult-to-detect activities. The existence of poor-quality exchange controls, low disclosure requirements, offshore financial services, ineffective bank confidentiality rules, areas with loose oversight, in combination with the internationalism of economies and the interconnectednessof markets have paved the way for the cre ation of criminal friendly environments well disguised in an international context.[6] Just because of globalisation there is a globalised criminal economy worth  £1 trillion.[7] Moving now to more traditional types of crimes, it needs to be highlighted that cartel members and criminals have also changed in terms of background, skills and qualifications. Culturally and socially they have little in common with traditional traffickers and regard themselves as superior. Yet they are as central to the operation as the traffickers, for money and drugs are two sides of the same equation. [8] Despite rapid technology advancements and the sophisticated tools used by criminal justice agencies, it is surprising how well criminal groups manage to keep track with advances and new technologies for the purposes of undermining the effectiveness of enforcement and prevention programmes as well as for the completion of their deals. Traffickers are able to use the most sophisticated equi pment, such as GPS and satellite software, while at the same time their methods include even spying the authorities to determine the duty hours of customs radar watch personnel or the schedules of Customs jet interceptorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ maintenance and operation.[9] Another aspect is the effect of globalisation on third world countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ economies. Large populations of impoverished peasants in drug producing countries, such as Columbia, rely on cocaine production seeing it as an opportunity to gain an income higher than that expected in crop-substitution programs.[10] Thus, traffickers have appeared to assist local industries in return for support from peasant unions closely tied to the national labour movement.[11] Since crime has gone global, responses on a national level are by definition insufficient. In this way, the problem is not solved, unless a more international approach is adopted, such as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organi zed Crime or the Millennium Development Goals. This is the only way forward for combating this threat and minimise the increase of the opportunities that globalisation creates for transnational criminals. Conclusion To sum up, there are considerably extensive opportunities for the occurrence or the expansion of transnational crime in the globalized society we are living in. The criminal organizationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ global reach and capacity is further fortified by rapid developments in communication, information, and transport technologies, the abolition of internal border controls within continental trading blocks and the deregulation of international markets.[12] This poses a huge challenge for both international and national authorities to reinforce their rules and policies, establish strong networks of cooperation and streamline the use of technology and globalization to their advantage, the same way criminals do. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS Bean, Drugs and Crime, (William, 2002) Castells, End of Millennium, Volume III: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, (Wiley, 2000) Edward and Gill, Transnational organized crime, Perspectives on Global security, (Routledge, 2003) Pearce and Woodiwiss, Global Crime Connections, Dynamics and Control, (Lumiere Press, 1993) Quiggin, Seeing the Invisible: National Security Intelligence in an Uncertain Age, (World Scientific Publishing, 2007) Sheptycki, Transnational Comparative Criminology, (GlassHouse Press, 2005) JOURNAL ARTICLES Aguilar-Millan,Foltz, Jackson, andOberg, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The GlobalizationofCrimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢,(2008) The Futurist, https://blackboard.angelo.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/LFA/CSS/Course%20Material/BOR3304/readings/The%20Globalization%20of%20Crime.pdf, accessed 16 March 2014 Farer, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fighting Transnational Organized Crime: Measures Short of Warà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, in Tom Farer, (ed.), Transnational Crime in the Americas, (Routledge, 1999). Mittleman, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Dynamics of Globalizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, in James Mittleman, (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections, ( Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1997), 6-10 Williams, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Organizing Transnational Crime: Networks, Markets and Hierarchiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (1998) Transnational Organized Crime, Vol.4, Nos. 3 and 4, 57-86. OTHER SOURCES UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment, 17 June 2010, https://www.refworld.org/docid/4cad7f892.html accessed 15 March 2014 [1] James Sheptycki, Transnational Comparative Criminology, (GlassHouse Press 2005) p.215 [2] UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), The Globalization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crime Threat Assessment, 17 June 2010, https://www.refworld.org/docid/4cad7f892.html accessed 15 March 2014 [3] Sheptycki (n.1). [4] UNODC (n.2), p. 18. [5] Philip Bean, Drugs and Crime, (William 2002) p.104-5 [6] Frank Pearce and Michael Woodiwiss, Global Crime Connections, Dynamics and Control, (Lumiere Press, 1993) p.45 [7] Manuel Castells, End of Millennium, Volume III: The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, (Wiley, 2000), p. 361. [8] Tom Farer, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fighting Transnational Organized Crime: Measures Short of Warà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, in Tom Farer, (ed.), Transnational Crime in the Americas, (Routledge, 1999). p. 251 [9] Pearce and Woodiwiss (n.6) p.46-7 [10] Bean, (n. 5) p.100 [11] Thomas Quiggin, Seeing the Invisible: National Security Intellig ence in an Uncertain Age, (World Scientific Publishing, 2007), p.55. [12] Adams Edward and Peter Gill, Transnational organized crime, Perspectives on Global security, (Routledge 2003), p.39.

The American Education System - 1303 Words

The American education system is set up to create a clear division between the social classes. The quality of the education that children receive depends on whether they attend an elite school or urban schools. Elite schools are located in upper class neighborhoods. Students who attend elite schools receive high quality education. Demographically, the majority of students who attend elite schools are Caucasian. This does not necessarily have much to do with the skill level of the students who apply to the school. More often than not, the application process for these schools is discriminatory. Urban schools on the other hand, are inner city schools known for their diverse population of students who come from middle and lower class†¦show more content†¦A teacher associated low-income children with discipline problems. The teachers did not motive or believe in their student’s success. Students were just given information without explanation or were not encouraged to bec ome independent thinkers. If the students are not performing on their academic level or on the state standards, the schools are not going to receive funding to provide these students with technology. Society tends portray minorities as being destructive and ungrateful. Some believe that providing technology to students in urban school will result in damage and stolen digital devices. Elite schools receive funding for their schools that allows them to provide adequate access to technology to all their students. Unlike elite schools, lack of funding is an issue that increasingly plaguing urban schools and impacting the education those students receive. The buildings are in need of repairs and there is limited about of school staffs. The classroom space remains the same while the number of students per class increases. As a result, their resources such as textbooks to provide for their students are limited. Students utilize old textbooks that are in unacceptable condition and are depri ved from receiving or having access to resources and technology. The access to valuable resources put students in a better position for post secondary plans. Urban schools are at risk for low student achievement due to their lack of funding. The unequal quality of educationShow MoreRelatedThe American Education System Education1438 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Education System Education plays important role in society. It determines the final development of an adult’s personality. In today’s society most jobs require a University degree. To receive a University degree students need to rely on a good education system. Does America provide this? The American education system has relied on the grade point average system for a long time. 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Once of the most significant differences between the Ugandan educational system and the American educational system that I saw was that access to education was so limited in Uganda. In 1997 Uganda initiated what they called Universal Primary Education (UPE), which aims to decrease poverty by making primary (elementary) school free, there by more accessible to it s students. (Bategeka and Okurut, 2006). The problem

The Life Of Walden Pond, By F. Scott Thoreau Essay

Shortly after my stay on the shore of Walden Pond, I returned to civilization and took a job as a scrivener to assimilate myself back into society, a much more difficult task than it would seem, and because I needed money for food, shelter, clothing, and fuel, which are necessities for pondering the true meaning of life (Thoreau, 986). I was not particularly happy about taking the job, but I had few choices in the city. In my short time there I encountered the most silently desperate man (Thoreau, 984) I have ever encountered. His name was Bartleby, and my brief encounter with him caused me to solidify my beliefs on philanthropy, deliberate living, and progress, while teaching me to appreciate the humanity in every person. On my first day of work, my boss led me to the section of the office in which I would be working. â€Å"Our old scrivener prefers not to work right now† he said, passive-aggressively gesturing to Bartleby â€Å"and that is why we’ve hired you to re place him.† I looked over at the motionless man, but he gave no acknowledgement to either of us. Instead, he stared out the window, which looked directly out onto a brick wall. The boss left abruptly and I began to get settled in the office and eventually I decided to engage the man by the window. â€Å"So if you’re not working, what do you do here, Bartleby?† I asked the motionless man. To this question, however, he offered no acknowledgement or response, he simply stared out the window onto the wall. I was interested in

Intellectual Property Rights An Analytical Study Essay

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS – AN ANALYTICAL STUDY IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT Abstract Intellectual property rights are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. These rights make the creator/ inventor as the owner of the product/work. IP protection is intended to stimulate the creativity of the human mind for the benefit of all by ensuring that the advantages derived from exploiting a creation benefit the creator. This will encourage creative activity and allow investors in research and development a fair return on their investment. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) which came into force in 1995, brought with it a new era in the multilateral protection and enforcement of IP rights. It lays down minimum standards for protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in member countries which are required to promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights with a view to reducing distortions and impediments to international trade. As per the agreement, all member countries including India are to abide by the mutually negotiated norms and standards within the stipulated timeframe. Accordingly, India has set up an Intellectual Property Right (IPR) regime and is well established at all levels whether statutory, administrative or judicial. In this context this paper focussed on the conceptual analysis of Intellectual Property Rights in theShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Intellectual Capital Information On The Narrative Sections Of Corporate Annual Reports1678 Words   |  7 PagesAdvanced Financial Accounting ACCU9AA Student No.: 1931783 13 November, 2014 Coursework Essay Why would companies choose to disclose Intellectual Capital information in the narrative sections of corporate annual reports? Word Court: Page Court: 7 Introduction The importance of Intellectual Capital information (IC) has been increased in the current economic. It refers to intangible resources which create company value (Ashton, 2005). Human capital, structural capital and relationalRead MoreFeasibility Analysis947 Words   |  4 Pageslegal, operational, schedule, and market. Due to Blackberry’s history of challenges in the marketplace, the study focuses on likelihood of risk, magnitude of risk’s impact, and risk avoidance. 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Research Proposal on Risk Management in Construction Projects

Question: Discuss about the Research Proposal on Risk Management in Construction Projects. Answer: Nature of the study In the time of continuous change, the agenda of risk management for the forward thinking companies is becoming important due to customers demands and market globalization. Risk can be the cause of cost overrun and delay in the schedule of many projects. In the project management, the effectiveness of high risk is becoming an important issue. So, there is the need of effective risk management in any project. In order to make the risk management efficient and effective, all the parties and departments should understand the responsibilities related to risk, risk preferences, risk event conditions, and capabilities to manage the risk (Anumba, Egbu Carrillo, 2005). There are different parties who are involved in the construction project and they face various kinds of uncertain factors. These factors can be gathered under the various category of risk. Risk or uncertainty can be described as the situation in which the actual result for the particular activity or event is likely to diverge from the forecast or estimated value (Mills, 2001). There are various definitions of risk. The risk management can be defined as the formal process for systematically analyzing, identifying, and responding to the risk during the project to achieve the acceptable or best degree of risk control or elimination. Risk management is one of the nine knowledge areas provided by the project management institute. Risk management is the systematic way to reduce the impact of risk in the construction project (Alali Pinto, 2009). The advantage of risk management process are identify, effective use of resources and analyze the risk, improvement in the construction project management. Further, construction project can be extremely complex and full of uncertainty. Risk or uncertainty in the construction project can be the damaging factor. Thus, risk analysis and management can be the main feature in the construction project management to deal efficiently with the unexpected and uncertain events to achieve the desired result and success in the projec t (Wang, Dulaim Aguria, 2004). The objective of this research is to present framework of risk management in the construction projects. The result survey will clarify the current estimated risk and construction circumstances in the construction industry. The data and information will be gathered from the published articles and statistics, and individual questionnaire and interviews. Along with this, the gathered data will be used to compare with the previous published surveys. The aim of this comparison is to analyze the current trends in the construction risk management. By this, a basic knowledge of current trends and attitudes will be gathered. After that, the report will focus on some cases to improve the understanding related to construction and risk management (Jamil, Mufti Khan, 2008). Problem discussion: Problem statement The lack of risk management and risk analysis is the cause of failure of the project plan in the construction company. The lack of risk management can trouble the project and affect the three variable i.e. cost, time and scope. Significance In this research, there are stakeholders in the company included in the construction projects. Those stakeholders are main contractors, sub-contractors, project managers and suppliers who undertake the construction projects. This study will be very useful and interesting in the construction industry as it will provide the importance of risk management planning into the construction project. This study will try to disclose the best practices which can be applied in the risk management. The research will provide the information to the stakeholders regarding: Identification and analysis of the issues because of inadequate and insufficient risk management, Provide understanding related to inadequate risk management and the problems in the construction projects related to insufficient risk management, Prevention from the risk and uncertainties of construction projects, and The set of recommendations to recover the failure of projects due to uncertainties (Seddon, 2003). Detail of proposed research: Purpose The aim of the research on the risk management will be designed to identify and analyze the hazards of the uncertainties and risk in the construction projects and to provide he plans to manage the risks associated in the project. It will also provide the way to develop the strategies to manage the risk. The purpose of this research is to identify the reason of failure of construction projects and he best practices to apply the risk management (Park, 2010). Construction projects are unique in nature and more complex. They take extended period of time and include wide range of resources such as finance, people, material, facilities and intellectual property. In most of the situations, projects have the set and defined objectives which provide the clear vision and specification in their goals (Jalonen, 2012). Research topic The topic for this research is the risk management in the construction project to eliminate or reduce the uncertainties in the project. Research scope The construction projects are unique in nature and complex also. It is well known that they take much time in the completion and include many resources such as finance, people, cost and materials. In many cases, projects have some goals and visions for the future. But there are many uncertainties associated with every project. Risk management is the helpful tool for the project managers to set the priorities, allocate the resources and implement the process and actions to minimize the risk in the project. The knowledge of risk management is helpful in achieving the project related goals. Risk management provides the better way for doing business and good results by providing knowledge, confidence and insight for better and effective decision-making. Along with this, it also supports efficient decision making in terms of planning and design processes to avoid and minimize the risk and uncertainties and to identify the opportunities in the market (Schieg, 2006). The understanding of ri sk management provides better planning to deal with the uncertainties and risks and their negative impacts on the projects as it encourages for better allocation of resources in the project, and for taking the right decision related to better allocation of risk among the parties who are involved in the construction project activity. These all are the lead to increase the certainty for future success and minimize the overall risk exposure (Wang, Dulaimi Aguria, 2004). If the risk management is ignored in the construction organization then there will be the risk of: Reduction or loss of profit, Increased cost, Worst disposal of business or liquidation, and Damage of reputation or brand in the market. So, it is clear that the proper and clear analysis of risk in the construction industry is important to successful completion of construction project. Research objectives The objective of this research is to provide the better understanding of managing and analyzing the risk which can improve the construction project with the quality and overall success (Liu Han, 2014). To be successful in achieving this, the following research question will be investigated: How can the aim of the risk management be described, How can the strategy related to risk management be described, and How can the impact of risk management bemeasured. Methodology The key source of input data for this research will be gathered from the various literatures and by the questionnaire survey to the group of qualified people in the construction industry. The data will be collected from the construction industry by the questionnaire survey which will be done by the means the statistical analysis to find out the appropriate result. Although the attitude or perception of the construction companies towards the uncertainties and risk are well known and there is little information available regarding the use of risk management as the systematic tool with the company. To analyze the skills in the risk management, the questionnaire survey including comprehensive multiple choice questions. After that, the questionnaire will be distributed into the construction organizations operating in the market. It will be ensured that all the respondents must have completely understood the design of questionnaire. Along with this, an interview will be conducted with each respondent to give details about the main goals of the survey. The goal of the survey is to identify the various types of risk and the important management actions to control the risk in the construction industry (Mojtahedi, Mousavi Makui, 2010). Further, the questionnaire will be divided into three sections. In the first part, the information of the company will be gathered such as type of Construction Company, and culture of the company etc. in the second section, the significance of the various risks will be analyzed. The third section will be related to the practical actions to reduce the impact of the risk. The complete answers will be gathered by faxes or emails. The answers will be divided into two sections i.e. risk significance and risk allocation. The selected respondents are the experts in the field of construction having at least 10 years of experience in this field. This survey will be done in the large construction organizations having the main aim of the public sector projects. Total sixty questionnaires will be sent to the respondents and it is assumed that in total, 55 responses will be returned with the response rate of 92%. From the returned responses, 44 could be used for the analysis References Alali, B. Pinto, A. (2009). Project, systems and risk management processes interactions: Management of Engineering Technology. 2(6).pp.1377,1386. Anumba, J. C., Egbu, C. Carrillo, P. (2005). Knowledge Management in Construction. US: Blackwell Publishing Ltd Jalonen, H. (2012). The uncertainty of innovation: A systematic review of the literature: Journal of Management Research. 4(1). 147 Jamil, M., Mufti, N. H., Khan, A.H. (2008). Risk Identification for Construction Projects: Advancing Integrating Construction Education. pp. 4-5 Liu, T., Han, D. P. (2014). Study on risk management of manufacturing industrys RD project: Key Engineering Materials. 584. 298302 Mills, A. (2001). A systematic approach to risk management for construction: Structural Survey. pp. 245-252 Mojtahedi, S. M. H., Mousavi, S. M., Makui, A. (2010). Project risk identification and assessment simultaneously using multi-attribute group decision making technique: Safety Science. 48(4). 499507 Park, Y. H. (2010). A study of risk management and performance measures on new product development: Asian Journal on Quality. 11(1). 3948 Schieg, M. (2006). Risk Management in Construction Project Management: Journal of Business Economics and Management. VII (2). 77-83. Seddon, J. (2003). Freedom from command and control: A better way to make the work, work. , Buckingham: Vanguard Eduacation. Wang, S., Dulaimi, M. Aguria, Y. (2004). Risk management framework for construction projects in developing countries: Construction Management and Economics. 22(3). 237-252 Wang, S.Q ., Dulaim, M.F. Aguria, M.Y. (2004). Risk management framework for construction projects in developing countries: Construction Management and Economics. 22. pp. 237-252

Music Theory free essay sample

One of the most famous pieces during the medieval period was O Planarians Virgo, which was composed by Hildebrand von Binge during ca 1140- 1179. The purpose of this heavenly chant was to give praise to the Blessed Virgin Mary and hymns were the form of this Christian chant. However, the form of O primitivism Virgo did not fit the traditional hymn pattern. Instead of having a regular number of lines and syllables per line, none had a regular number of lines per stanza or syllables per line.In spite of this, the chant was apparently strophic with successive verses all beginning with melodic phrases. In all, the form of o Vulgarisms Virgo was relatively vague compared to other hymns of the times. The piece consisted of only one melody, performed by male voices in sync without any instrumental sounds. In addition, the tone of the piece was modal with tonic pitch of G and the third above It. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since the dynamics of the piece maintained from mezzo Plano to mezzo forte without sudden or drastic dynamics changes, the piece flowed smoothly creating a great pleasure to the listeners.I enjoyed the smoothness f the piece and the descending scalar passages greatly adopted throughout the music. However, I did not appreciate much of the free style of the stanzas and the short breaks between each stanza. Non Aver Ambient Quests Ml Donna by Francesco Landing Non Aver Maples Quests Ml Donna was one of the well-known pieces created by simple form of homophony in the early medieval period, Non Aver Ambient Quests Aim Donna was a 3-part ballet with a solo female voice and two accompanying male vices forming a polyphonic rhythm.Each voice was independent yet formed a great harmony throughout the piece. There was no instrumental element in the piece but the mixture of upscale and downscale progressions of the different voices enhanced the fullness of the music compared to ones in the early medieval period. The form of the piece was more definite than the earlier works and there was a clear indication of strophic verses, which is the last stanzas repeating the beginning stanzas. However, the performing style was still indefinite during that period, which gave much power to performers on how to interpret the music.The purpose of this piece was to express the sorrow of love instead of the evenly praise of Christianity in the earlier periods. The suave harmony had a quite fast tempo and the tempo remained largo throughout the piece. Also, there were small breaks between stanzas occasionally, much less in frequency and in length compared to the previous piece. The swift tempo and the steady dynamics, which Nas maintained at mezzo forte for the most parts of the piece, constructed a smooth feeling to the listeners. Concerto No. 1 in E major, Pop. 8, REV 269 Allegro by Antonio Vivaldi Concerto No. In E major, Pop. 8, REV 269 Allegro was the first part in Antonio Vivaldi most famous work The Four Seasons and it was one of the best-known pieces of the Baroque music. The Four Seasons (Italian: Eel Equator Stagnation) was a set of the first four violin concertos composed in 1723. Instead of using the human voices to perform the melody, the classical string instruments, such as violins and cellos, created a form called string ensemble to enrich the melody of the piece. The piece Nas performed in E major with different melodies, usually more than two, mixing together to create a great harmony.There were many repetitions in the measures of he piece, sometimes with parallel rhythms in different keys. And the fast and cherry tempo created a light and grateful feeling, which was in sync with the theme of spring in this piece. It employed duple meter throughout the Allegro piece and formed a steady but light sense. The dynamics changes of the piece were very drastic, ranging from piano to forte, creating clear images to the listeners. The cherry tone of the music was my favorite part of the concerto and the great contrast between the first and second violins or violins and basses has drawn me into the theme the music provided.However, the abrupt start of the piece was one of my least favorite parts of the piece because it seemed too sudden and strong to be the introduction of the whole concerto. Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551 Allegro vice by Wolfgang Mozart The 41st Symphony in C major, K. 551 was the last of a set of three Mozart composed in rapid succession during the summer of 1788. It was his last symphony and it was also known as the Jupiter Symphony. There were many instrumental elements involved in the piece, including piano, first violins, second violins, oboes, flutes, trumpets, and trombones.The general mood for the piece was glorious with The first movement of the symphony, which was the Allegro vice, was a good example for a C major trumpet-symphony tradition. It took the form of a militaristic march with a distinctive duple meter of 4/4. The opening was very loud and strong, setting the tone for the rest of the piece. Also, the brass emphasized the tonic of C followed by the first violins. The dynamics changes were drastic throughout the piece Ninth numerous contrasting motifs. Then, the contrasting motifs expanded and developed, which led to the stormy theme in C minor.Secondly, the purpose of the music has changed greatly throughout the years. In the early medieval period, the majority of music was written for the purpose of religious needs. For example, many chants are written to praise God or the Virgin Mary. However, the purpose of music widen as the evolution continued. It gradually expanded to praising humanity and nature in the mid sass, then, exponentially developed into any themes that the composers liked to express. In addition, the dynamics of the piece became more drastic while the performances were required to be more precise.In the early ages, most European hanta were performed freely by the singers and the dynamics were mainly kept smooth with numerous breaks between stanzas. However, as the music written notations matured, the composers were able to express its work in a more precise manner, which required performers to strictly follow the written notations. In short, the music has become more complex and rich in numerous areas, such as forms, rhythms, dynamics, themes, and written notations. Although the earlier music was not as popular as the contemporary pieces, it was still crucial to the history of music because it captured the evolution of the music. Music Theory free essay sample Beth Deniers is an associate professor in the Composition Department at Berkeley College of Music. Her music has been performed throughout the U. S. And in Canada, Mexico, Greece, Ukraine, Russia, China, and Thailand, and recorded by Justas, Albany, and Interval record labels. Consider music from the Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and multiple melodic lines to create effective music. This is counterpoint. The term counterpoint refers to two or more independent melodic lines working together to create music.In contrapuntal music-? music created using counterpoint-?each of the oldies works independently as well as together. Together these melodies create a texture called polyphony. Polyphony and counterpoint have been around for about 1,000 years and are at the root of melody and harmony in Western music. You may already be thinking about how good it sounds in contemporary popular music when the bass and lead lines complement each other Just right. This happens when 1) each line stands independently as an effective melodic line and 2) both lines stand together, keeping their independence, but also creating a great sound when heard together. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is counterpoint. The term texture is used to describe the relative thickness or thinness of musical sound. Musical textures, like the texture of fabric, can be rough or smooth, simple or complex, dense or sparse. Here are three basic musical textures, only one of which defines counterpoint: Monophonic-?A solo melody, Just one line of music. This is the simplest musical texture. (From the Greek: mono-?one; and phony-?sound or voice. ) Common monophonic performances include a solo singer or performer on a monophonic instrument like a flute or trumpet. 2.Homophony-?A melody with chords, like a song; a harmonize 3 melody. The chords (harmonies) do not stand on their own as independent melodies but are heard as sound shapes supporting or harmonize the single melody, often in the same rhythm as the melody. (From the A portion of the Winchester Trooper Counterpoint has been evolving in Western music for about 1,000 years. One of the earliest examples is found in the Winchester Trooper from the 1 lath century, and contrapuntal continues writing today, as in the music of Estonian Greek: homo-?same; and phony-?sound or voice. Homophony is the dominant by a lead vocalist over a choral background provided by the band. Composer Rave Part. Today, counterpoint is everywhere, even in popular music. Its influence can be heard in pop music such as the Beetles Paperback Writer, progressive rock artists like Emerson, Lake Palmer and King Crimson, and even in the mosque concrete aspects of hip-hop. Taking a contrapuntal perspective on music means that you are looking at it horizontally-?via melody-?but are also taking into consideration the vertical (harmonic) sounds or implications of this simultaneous melodic motion.Still, the texture of counterpoint remains: Two or more melodic layers maintain their independence while creating desirable harmonies. Find a piece of music you like and think of at least two of the topics that generally describe the sound of your selection. For example, you might say the music is homophobic and consonant, as in a pretty song with melody and simple chords. Or you may say the heavy metal guitar solo is dissonant and polyphonic with the bass guitar. 3. Polyphony-?More than one melody happening at the same time.When the late Jazz guitar legend Tall Barlow explained his motivation to randomize standard tunes, he replied with this twist on an old adage: If it into broke, fix it anyway. And so it goes. In the world of artists of all mediums and disciplines, the musician is most audacious when it comes to altering anothers creation. Imagine an artist taking a palette of paints and a brush to the Museum of Fine Arts and painting an extra nose on a Picasso masterpiece? Or someone putting a hat on Rodings implies bronze and marble sculpture The Thinker?Scandalous, to say the least And possibly resulting in some Jail time! However, the history of Jazz performance and arranging, as well as European classical tradition, as exemplified by Rhapsody on There are instances in which the randomized song is considered so superior to the original chord changes that the new version becomes the standard harmonic form-? which, in turn, becomes subjected to further variation. The Victor Young classic Stella By Starlight and the Burke/Van Houses standard Like Someone In Love are excellent examples of new standards.Can you imagine what a cocktail pianist, who has been on the same five-night-a-week gig for ten years, would have to endure if some kind of harmonic liberty was not taken with the repertoire? Maybe Romanization contrib utes to good mental health for the performer. No matter how you frame it, Romanization has a long-standing tradition in the world of Jazz and material from the standard repertoire where Theme of Paginating by Rachmaninoff, is filled with players and writers whose creative intention could be distilled down to Talls response. 6 Romanization can place the ordinary into an extraordinary setting.There may also be situations in which the melody and chords may not be in vertical agreement -?a change in the harmony may be called for. For the improvising player, Romanization is regarded as improvising harmonies to a fixed melody line-?the opposite of melodic improvisation. For the improviser who is soloing melodically within the standard framework of the chord changes of a tune, the various substitution and approach and techniques learned in this course superimposed against the rhythm section accompaniment can be applied to great effect.For a Romanization to be acceptable to the listener, there are two relatively absolute conditions: 1. 2. The melody must be recognizable. The harmony must be logical and familiar. This means that little or no melodic embellishment is used and the harmony is resourced from common practice chord patterns of standard popular repertoire. There will always be exceptions to these conditions, but until further notice, these will be absolutes. Depending on his or her listening experiences, the average non- musician has a catalog of common, internalized harmonic progressions that may be more limited than those of the professional musician.

The Best Way to Get From Point A to Point B free essay sample

While one whizzes through the sky like a hawk, the other snakes through the labyrinth of tunnels in cities underbellies, two modes of transportation could not seam so different on first glance. Yet, they share more common characteristics than one would think. To judge these vastly different modes of transportation, three categories, comfort, cost, and speed, must be observed. Planes and metros have differences and similarities in the three categories of speed, comfort, and cost. First off, comfort, the most important aspect, determines how much one will enjoy the ride. No one wants to be cramped or crammed into a tiny compartment during travel; they want to comfortably wait until they arrive at their destination. On planes, one receives an adequate portion of space except for possibly, one’s legs, which may become crowded by the seat in front of oneself. Cushioned, large seats with large head rests also add to the comfortable experience aboard a plane. We will write a custom essay sample on The Best Way to Get From Point A to Point B or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soft blankets and poofy pillows can also be provided by friendly stewardesses. Unlike planes, metros on the other hand boast of only plane seats and rails to hang onto during rush hour when all seats are occupied. One caught in a full car must stand during his or hers’ journey. The smoothness of the ride is another element of comfort that makes a hefty difference. It would not matter how nice the seats in a plane, if the ride itself tosses you about unmercifully, one would not enjoy the ride. When one rides on a plane, he or she will experience smooth flying except for the occasional period of turbulence in which the plane is tossed about like a toy in massive winds. Likewise a ride on a metro feels reasonably smooth besides the abrupt start and some sharp turns. In spite of these similarities, the plane’s comfort factor depends on the individual most of the time, many people catch plane sickness soon after the wheels leave the ground and other individuals are scared t o death of flying. As a result, one experiences superior comfort on a plane unless he or she is terrified of flying; this superior comfort however comes at a cost. Secondly, the factor of expense determines how much you can spend after getting to your definition. While both kinds of travel require a ticket of some sort, but that’s where the similarities abruptly end. Comparing the cost of a plane ticket to the cost of a metro pass is like comparing a hippo to a flea. A plane ticket costs from around eighty to hundreds of dollars. Unlike the plane ticket, a metro pass costs pocket change. Yet a metro pass can last you a few weeks while a plane ticket only lasts a few hours. Planes can cover a huge distance in a short time, but this speedy way to travel will cost one more. Contrarily, metros cover a short distance in a short time, therefore many people save money traveling this way. To wrap up, metros passes cost a fraction of what a plane ticket costs, but you get a fraction of the distance you get on a plane when you take a metro, their speed can also be compared. Finally, the last deciding factor is speed. Compared to a planes speed, the metro moves at a crawl, it travels around the speed a car does. Dissimilarly planes zip through the air at speeds far into triple digits. However, as mentioned in the above paragraph, planes and metros travel extremely different distances. For instance, would one enjoy going four hundred miles per hour for a ten mile journey? The passenger would probably become sick on arrival. To review, planes and metros travel vastly different speeds, but they both travel the right speed in relation to the distance which they traverse. In conclusion, planes and metros have many likenesses and dissimilarities. They both feature accommodating comfort. In the issues of speed and cost, they both differ greatly, yet the cost and speed for each matches the distance that either can navigate. Cost, speed, and comfort are three areas that define splendiferous transportation. Which do you prefer?